Properties (3580)

The values connected to this measurement.

A measurement may have zero or more limit ranges defined for it.

The set of limits.

The value to supervise against. The value is positive.

The limit values used for supervision of Measurements.

The Measurements using the LimitSet.

The accumulator value that is reset by the command.

Measurement to which this value is connected.

The command that resets the accumulator value.

Base apparent power of the converter pole. The attribute shall be a positive value.

A DC converter have DC converter terminals. A converter has two DC converter terminals.

Converter DC current, also called Id. It is converter’s state variable, result from power flow.

Active power loss in pole at no power transfer. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Maximum active power limit. The value is overwritten by values of VsCapabilityCurve, if present.

The maximum voltage on the DC side at which the converter should operate. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Minimum active power limit. The value is overwritten by values of VsCapabilityCurve, if present.

The minimum voltage on the DC side at which the converter should operate. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Number of valves in the converter. Used in loss calculations.

Active power at the point of common coupling. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. Starting value for a steady state solution in the case a simplified power flow model is used.

Point of common coupling terminal for this converter DC side. It is typically the terminal on the power transformer (or switch) closest to the AC network.

The active power loss at a DC Pole = idleLoss + switchingLoss*|Idc| + resitiveLoss*Idc^2. For lossless operation Pdc=Pac. For rectifier operation with losses Pdc=Pac-lossP. For inverter operation with losses Pdc=Pac+lossP. It is converter’s state variable used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Reactive power at the point of common coupling. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. Starting value for a steady state solution in the case a simplified power flow model is used.

Rated converter DC voltage, also called UdN. The attribute shall be a positive value. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. For instance a bipolar HVDC link with value 200 kV has a 400kV difference between the dc lines.

It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. Refer to poleLossP. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Switching losses, relative to the base apparent power 'baseS'. Refer to poleLossP. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Real power injection target in AC grid, at point of common coupling. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node.

Target value for DC voltage magnitude. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Line-to-line converter voltage, the voltage at the AC side of the valve. It is converter’s state variable, result from power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Converter voltage at the DC side, also called Ud. It is converter’s state variable, result from power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Valve threshold voltage, also called Uvalve. Forward voltage drop when the valve is conducting. Used in loss calculations, i.e. the switchLoss depend on numberOfValves * valveU0.

A DC converter terminal belong to an DC converter.

Represents the normal network polarity condition. Depending on the converter configuration the value shall be set as follows: - For a monopole with two converter terminals use DCPolarityKind “positive” and “negative”. - For a bi-pole or symmetric monopole with three converter terminals use DCPolarityKind “positive”, “middle” and “negative”.

The bus name marker used to name the bus (topological node).

The connected status is related to a bus-branch model and the topological node to terminal relation. True implies the terminal is connected to the related topological node and false implies it is not. In a bus-branch model, the connected status is used to tell if equipment is disconnected without having to change the connectivity described by the topological node to terminal relation. A valid case is that conducting equipment can be connected in one end and open in the other. In particular for an AC line segment, where the reactive line charging can be significant, this is a relevant case.

Measurements associated with this terminal defining where the measurement is placed in the network topology. It may be used, for instance, to capture the sensor position, such as a voltage transformer (PT) at a busbar or a current transformer (CT) at the bar between a breaker and an isolator.

The operational limit sets at the terminal.

The orientation of the terminal connections for a multiple terminal conducting equipment. The sequence numbering starts with 1 and additional terminals should follow in increasing order. The first terminal is the "starting point" for a two terminal branch.

Zero sequence shunt (charging) susceptance, uniformly distributed, of the entire line section.

Positive sequence shunt (charging) susceptance, uniformly distributed, of the entire line section. This value represents the full charging over the full length of the line.

The clamps connected to the line segment.

Cuts applied to the line segment.

Zero sequence shunt (charging) conductance, uniformly distributed, of the entire line section.

Positive sequence shunt (charging) conductance, uniformly distributed, of the entire line section.

Positive sequence series resistance of the entire line section.

Zero sequence series resistance of the entire line section.

Maximum permitted temperature at the end of SC for the calculation of minimum short-circuit currents. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Positive sequence series reactance of the entire line section.

Zero sequence series reactance of the entire line section.

The normal value of active power limit. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

Value of active power limit. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

The values connected to this measurement.

A measurement may have zero or more limit ranges defined for it.

If true then this measurement is an active power, reactive power or current with the convention that a positive value measured at the Terminal means power is flowing into the related PowerSystemResource.

The MeasurementValue that is controlled.

Normal value range maximum for any of the Control.value. Used for scaling, e.g. in bar graphs.

Normal value range minimum for any of the Control.value. Used for scaling, e.g. in bar graphs.

The set of limits.

The value to supervise against.

The limit values used for supervision of Measurements.

The Measurements using the LimitSet.

Measurement to which this value is connected.

The Control variable associated with the MeasurementValue.

The normal apparent power limit. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

The apparent power limit. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

Asynchronous machine dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this asynchronous machine.

Indicates the type of Asynchronous Machine (motor or generator).

Indicates whether the machine is a converter fed drive. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Efficiency of the asynchronous machine at nominal operation as a percentage. Indicator for converter drive motors. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Ratio of locked-rotor current to the rated current of the motor (Ia/Ir). Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Nameplate data indicates if the machine is 50 Hz or 60 Hz.

Nameplate data. Depends on the slip and number of pole pairs.

Number of pole pairs of stator. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Rated mechanical power (Pr in IEC 60909-0). Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Indicates for converter drive motors if the power can be reversible. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Locked rotor ratio (R/X). Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Asynchronous machine to which this asynchronous machine dynamics model applies.

Mechanical load model associated with this asynchronous machine model.

Turbine-governor model associated with this asynchronous machine model.

Wind generator type 1 or type 2 model associated with this asynchronous machine model.

Damper 1 winding resistance.

Damper 2 winding resistance.

Damper 1 winding leakage reactance.

Damper 2 winding leakage reactance.

Magnetizing reactance.

Transient rotor time constant (<i>T'o</i>) (&gt; AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.tppo). Typical value = 5.

Subtransient rotor time constant (<i>T''o</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,03.

Transient reactance (unsaturated) (<i>X'</i>) (&gt;= AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xpp). Typical value = 0,5.

Subtransient reactance (unsaturated) (<i>X''</i>) (&gt; RotatingMachineDynamics.statorLeakageReactance). Typical value = 0,2.

Synchronous reactance (<i>Xs</i>) (&gt;= AsynchronousMachineTimeConstantReactance.xp). Typical value = 1,8.

Behaviour is based on a proprietary model as opposed to a detailed model. true = user-defined model is proprietary with behaviour mutually understood by sending and receiving applications and parameters passed as general attributes false = user-defined model is explicitly defined in terms of control blocks and their input and output signals.

Parameter of this proprietary user-defined model.

The Terminal at the equipment where the AuxiliaryEquipment is attached.

All conducting equipment with this base voltage. Use only when there is no voltage level container used and only one base voltage applies. For example, not used for transformers.

The power system resource's base voltage. Shall be a positive value and not zero.

The topological nodes at the base voltage.

Transformer ends at the base voltage. This is essential for PU calculation.

The voltage levels having this base voltage.

The time for the first time point. The value can be a time of day, not a specific date.

Value1 units of measure.

Value2 units of measure.

The current state of the battery (charging, full, etc.).

Full energy storage capacity of the battery. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Amount of energy currently stored. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero and lower than BatteryUnit.ratedE.

The voltage level containing this bay.

The connectivity node that is designated as a boundary point.

The ISO code of the region which the "From" side of the Boundary point belongs to or it is connected to. The ISO code is a two-character country code as defined by ISO 3166 (http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes). The length of the string is 2 characters maximum.

A human readable name with length of the string 64 characters maximum. It covers the following two cases: -if the Boundary point is placed on a tie-line, it is the name (IdentifiedObject.name) of the substation at which the "From" side of the tie-line is connected to. -if the Boundary point is placed in a substation, it is the name (IdentifiedObject.name) of the element (e.g. PowerTransformer, ACLineSegment, Switch, etc.) at which the "From" side of the Boundary point is connected to.

Identifies the name of the transmission system operator, distribution system operator or other entity at which the "From" side of the interconnection is connected to. The length of the string is 64 characters maximum.

If true, this boundary point is a point of common coupling (PCC) of a direct current (DC) interconnection, otherwise the interconnection is AC (default).

If true, this boundary point is on the interconnection that is excluded from control area interchange calculation and consequently has no related tie flows. Otherwise, the interconnection is included in control area interchange and a TieFlow is required at all sides of the boundary point (default).

The ISO code of the region which the "To" side of the Boundary point belongs to or is connected to. The ISO code is a two-character country code as defined by ISO 3166 (http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes). The length of the string is 2 characters maximum.

A human readable name with length of the string 64 characters maximum. It covers the following two cases: -if the Boundary point is placed on a tie-line, it is the name (IdentifiedObject.name) of the substation at which the "To" side of the tie-line is connected to. -if the Boundary point is placed in a substation, it is the name (IdentifiedObject.name) of the element (e.g. PowerTransformer, ACLineSegment, Switch, etc.) at which the "To" side of the Boundary point is connected to.

Identifies the name of the transmission system operator, distribution system operator or other entity at which the "To" side of the interconnection is connected to. The length of the string is 64 characters maximum.

Maximum allowable peak short-circuit current of busbar (Ipmax in IEC 60909-0). Mechanical limit of the busbar in the substation itself. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909.

Priority of bus name marker for use as topology bus name. Use 0 for do not care. Use 1 for highest priority. Use 2 as priority is less than 1 and so on.

The reporting group to which this bus name marker belongs.

The terminals associated with this bus name marker.

A thermal generating unit may be a member of a compressed air energy storage plant.

The line segment to which the clamp is connected.

The length to the place where the clamp is located starting from side one of the line segment, i.e. the line segment terminal with sequence number equal to 1.

A thermal generating unit may be a member of a cogeneration plant.

A thermal generating unit may be a member of a combined cycle plant.

The MeasurementValue that is controlled.

Normal value for Control.value e.g. used for percentage scaling.

The value representing the actuator output.

The ValueAliasSet used for translation of a Control value to a name.

Base voltage of this conducting equipment. Use only when there is no voltage level container used and only one base voltage applies. For example, not used for transformers.

The status state variable associated with this conducting equipment.

Conducting equipment have terminals that may be connected to other conducting equipment terminals via connectivity nodes or topological nodes.

Segment length for calculating line section capabilities.

Group of this ConformLoad.

The ConformLoadSchedules in the ConformLoadGroup.

Conform loads assigned to this ConformLoadGroup.

The ConformLoadGroup where the ConformLoadSchedule belongs.

The boundary point associated with the connectivity node.

Container of this connectivity node.

Terminals interconnected with zero impedance at a this connectivity node.

The topological node to which this connectivity node is assigned. May depend on the current state of switches in the network.

Connectivity nodes which belong to this connectivity node container.

The topological nodes which belong to this connectivity node container.

Specifies the type of Control. For example, this specifies if the Control represents BreakerOpen, BreakerClose, GeneratorVoltageSetPoint, GeneratorRaise, GeneratorLower, etc.

Indicates that a client is currently sending control commands that has not completed.

Regulating device governed by this control output.

The last time a control output was sent.

The unit multiplier of the controlled quantity.

The unit of measure of the controlled quantity.

The generating unit specifications for the control area.

The energy area that is forecast from this control area specification.

The specified positive net interchange into the control area, i.e. positive sign means flow into the area.

Active power net interchange tolerance. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

The tie flows associated with the control area.

The primary type of control area definition used to determine if this is used for automatic generation control, for planning interchange control, or other purposes. A control area specified with primary type of automatic generation control could still be forecast and used as an interchange area in power flow analysis.

The parent control area for the generating unit specifications.

The generating unit specified for this control area. Note that a control area should include a GeneratingUnit only once.

A Uniform Resource Name (URN) for the coordinate reference system (crs) used to define 'Location.PositionPoints'. An example would be the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) code for a coordinate reference system, defined in URN under the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) namespace as: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::XXXX, where XXXX is an EPSG code (a full list of codes can be found at the EPSG Registry web site http://www.epsg-registry.org/). To define the coordinate system as being WGS84 (latitude, longitude) using an EPSG OGC, this attribute would be urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4236. A profile should limit this code to a set of allowed URNs agreed to by all sending and receiving parties.

All locations described with position points in this coordinate system.

High-pressure synchronous machine with which this cross-compound turbine governor is associated.

Low-pressure synchronous machine with which this cross-compound turbine governor is associated.

Current source converter to which current source converter dynamics model applies.

Firing angle that determines the dc voltage at the converter dc terminal. Typical value between 10 degrees and 18 degrees for a rectifier. It is converter’s state variable, result from power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Current source converter dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this converter.

Extinction angle. It is used to limit the dc voltage at the inverter if needed. Typical value between 17 degrees and 20 degrees for an inverter. It is converter’s state variable, result from power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Maximum firing angle. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Maximum extinction angle. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

The maximum direct current (Id) on the DC side at which the converter should operate. It is converter’s configuration data use in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Minimum firing angle. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Minimum extinction angle. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

The minimum direct current (Id) on the DC side at which the converter should operate. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Indicates whether the DC pole is operating as an inverter or as a rectifier. It is converter’s control variable used in power flow.

Kind of active power control.

Rated converter DC current, also called IdN. The attribute shall be a positive value. It is converter’s configuration data used in power flow.

Target firing angle. It is converter’s control variable used in power flow. It is only applicable for rectifier if continuous tap changer control is used. Allowed values are within the range minAlpha&lt;=targetAlpha&lt;=maxAlpha. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Target extinction angle. It is converter’s control variable used in power flow. It is only applicable for inverter if continuous tap changer control is used. Allowed values are within the range minGamma&lt;=targetGamma&lt;=maxGamma. The attribute shall be a positive value.

DC current target value. It is converter’s control variable used in power flow. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Behaviour is based on a proprietary model as opposed to a detailed model. true = user-defined model is proprietary with behaviour mutually understood by sending and receiving applications and parameters passed as general attributes false = user-defined model is explicitly defined in terms of control blocks and their input and output signals.

Parameter of this proprietary user-defined model.

The normal value for limit on current flow. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

Limit on current flow. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

The point data values that define this curve.

The style or shape of the curve.

The X-axis units of measure.

The Y1-axis units of measure.

The Y2-axis units of measure.

The curve of this curve data point.

The data value of the X-axis variable, depending on the X-axis units.

The data value of the first Y-axis variable, depending on the Y-axis units.

The data value of the second Y-axis variable (if present), depending on the Y-axis units.

The line segment to which the cut is applied.

The length to the place where the cut is located starting from side one of the cut line segment, i.e. the line segment Terminal with sequenceNumber equal to 1.

Schedules that use this DayType.

The DC connectivity node to which this DC base terminal connects with zero impedance.

See association end Terminal.TopologicalNode.

A DC conducting equipment has DC terminals.

Rated DC device voltage. The attribute shall be a positive value. It is configuration data used in power flow.

The operating mode of an HVDC bipole (bipolar, monopolar metallic return, etc).

The containing substation of the DC converter unit.

The DC nodes contained in the DC equipment container.

The topological nodes which belong to this connectivity node container.

Inductance to ground.

Resistance to ground.

The SubGeographicalRegion containing the DC line.

Capacitance of the DC line segment. Significant for cables only.

Inductance of the DC line segment. Negligible compared with DCSeriesDevice used for smoothing.

Segment length for calculating line section capabilities.

Resistance of the DC line segment.

The DC container for the DC nodes.

DC base terminals interconnected with zero impedance at a this DC connectivity node.

The DC topological node to which this DC connectivity node is assigned. May depend on the current state of switches in the network.

Inductance of the device.

Resistance of the DC device.

Capacitance of the DC shunt.

Resistance of the DC device.

An DC terminal belong to a DC conducting equipment.

The DC topological nodes in a DC topological island.

The connectivity node container to which the topological node belongs.

The DC connectivity nodes combined together to form this DC topological node. May depend on the current state of switches in the network.

See association end TopologicalNode.Terminal.

A DC topological node belongs to a DC topological island.

A diagram is made up of multiple diagram objects.

A Diagram may have a DiagramStyle.

Coordinate system orientation of the diagram. A positive orientation gives standard “right-hand” orientation, with negative orientation indicating a “left-hand” orientation. For 2D diagrams, a positive orientation will result in X values increasing from left to right and Y values increasing from bottom to top. A negative orientation gives the “left-hand” orientation (favoured by computer graphics displays) with X values increasing from left to right and Y values increasing from top to bottom.

X coordinate of the first corner of the initial view.

X coordinate of the second corner of the initial view.

Y coordinate of the first corner of the initial view.

Y coordinate of the second corner of the initial view.

A diagram object is part of a diagram.

A diagram object can have 0 or more points to reflect its layout position, routing (for polylines) or boundary (for polygons).

A diagram object has a style associated that provides a reference for the style used in the originating system.

The drawing order of this element. The higher the number, the later the element is drawn in sequence. This is used to ensure that elements that overlap are rendered in the correct order.

The domain object to which this diagram object is associated.

Defines whether or not the diagram objects points define the boundaries of a polygon or the routing of a polyline. If this value is true then a receiving application should consider the first and last points to be connected.

The offset in the X direction. This is used for defining the offset from centre for rendering an icon (the default is that a single point specifies the centre of the icon). The offset is in per-unit with 0 indicating there is no offset from the horizontal centre of the icon. -0.5 indicates it is offset by 50% to the left and 0.5 indicates an offset of 50% to the right.

The offset in the Y direction. This is used for defining the offset from centre for rendering an icon (the default is that a single point specifies the centre of the icon). The offset is in per-unit with 0 indicating there is no offset from the vertical centre of the icon. The offset direction is dependent on the orientation of the diagram, with -0.5 and 0.5 indicating an offset of +/- 50% on the vertical axis.

Sets the angle of rotation of the diagram object. Zero degrees is pointing to the top of the diagram. Rotation is clockwise. DiagramObject.rotation=0 has the following meaning: The connection point of an element which has one terminal is pointing to the top side of the diagram. The connection point "From side" of an element which has more than one terminal is pointing to the top side of the diagram. DiagramObject.rotation=90 has the following meaning: The connection point of an element which has one terminal is pointing to the right hand side of the diagram. The connection point "From side" of an element which has more than one terminal is pointing to the right hand side of the diagram.

A diagram object can be part of multiple visibility layers.

A diagram object glue point is associated with 2 or more object points that are considered to be 'glued' together.

The diagram object with which the points are associated.

The 'glue' point to which this point is associated.

The sequence position of the point, used for defining the order of points for diagram objects acting as a polyline or polygon with more than one point. The attribute shall be a positive value.

The X coordinate of this point.

The Y coordinate of this point.

The Z coordinate of this point.

A style can be assigned to multiple diagram objects.

A DiagramStyle can be used by many Diagrams.

Speed change reference (<i>E</i><i>_SC</i>). Typical value = 0,0015.

Discontinuous controller gain (<i>K</i><i>_AN</i>). Typical value = 400.

Terminal voltage limiter gain (<i>K</i><i>_ETL</i>). Typical value = 47.

Discontinuous controller time constant (<i>T</i><i>_AN</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,08.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>_D</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,03.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>_L</i>₁) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,025.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>_L</i>₂) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,25.

DEC washout time constant (<i>T</i><i>_W</i>₅) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 5.

Regulator voltage reference (<i>V</i><i>_AL</i>). Typical value = 5,5.

Limiter for Van (<i>V</i><i>_ANMAX</i>).

Limiter (<i>V</i><i>_OMAX</i>) (&gt; DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vomin). Typical value = 0,3.

Limiter (<i>V</i><i>_OMIN</i>) (&lt; DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vomax). Typical value = 0,1.

Limiter (<i>V</i><i>_SMAX</i>)(&gt; DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vsmin). Typical value = 0,2.

Limiter (<i>V</i><i>_SMIN</i>) (&lt; DiscExcContIEEEDEC1A.vsmax). Typical value = -0,066.

Terminal voltage level reference (<i>V</i><i>_TC</i>). Typical value = 0,95.

Voltage reference (<i>V</i><i>_TLMT</i>). Typical value = 1,1.

Voltage limits (<i>V</i><i>_TM</i>). Typical value = 1,13.

Voltage limits (<i>V</i><i>_TN</i>). Typical value = 1,12.

Discontinuous controller time constant (<i>T</i><i>_D1</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Discontinuous controller washout time constant (<i>T</i><i>_D2</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Limiter (<i>V</i><i>_DMAX</i>) (&gt; DiscExcContIEEEDEC2A.vdmin).

Limiter (<i>V</i><i>_DMIN</i>) (&lt; DiscExcContIEEEDEC2A.vdmax).

Discontinuous controller input reference (<i>V</i><i>_K</i>).

Reset time delay (<i>T</i><i>_DR</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Terminal undervoltage comparison level (<i>V</i><i>_TMIN</i>).

Excitation system model with which this discontinuous excitation control model is associated.

Remote input signal used by this discontinuous excitation control system model.

Behaviour is based on a proprietary model as opposed to a detailed model. true = user-defined model is proprietary with behaviour mutually understood by sending and receiving applications and parameters passed as general attributes false = user-defined model is explicitly defined in terms of control blocks and their input and output signals.

Parameter of this proprietary user-defined model.

The values connected to this measurement.

The ValueAliasSet used for translation of a MeasurementValue.value to a name.

The Control variable associated with the MeasurementValue.

Measurement to which this value is connected.

Function block used indicator. true = use of function block is enabled false = use of function block is disabled.

Nominal resistance of device.

The control area specification that is used for the load forecast.

Load dynamics model used to describe dynamic behaviour of this energy consumer.

The load response characteristic of this load. If missing, this load is assumed to be constant power.

Active power of the load. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. For voltage dependent loads the value is at rated voltage. Starting value for a steady state solution.

Active power of the load that is a fixed quantity and does not vary as load group value varies. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node.

Fixed active power as a percentage of load group fixed active power. Used to represent the time-varying components. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node.

Reactive power of the load. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. For voltage dependent loads the value is at rated voltage. Starting value for a steady state solution.

Reactive power of the load that is a fixed quantity and does not vary as load group value varies. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node.

Fixed reactive power as a percentage of load group fixed reactive power. Used to represent the time-varying components. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node.

Energy Source of a particular Energy Scheduling Type.

High voltage source active injection. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. Starting value for steady state solutions.

Energy Scheduling Type of an Energy Source.

Phase-to-phase nominal voltage.

This is the maximum active power that can be produced by the source. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a TopologicalNode (bus) into the conducting equipment.

This is the minimum active power that can be produced by the source. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a TopologicalNode (bus) into the conducting equipment.

Positive sequence Thevenin resistance.

Zero sequence Thevenin resistance.

High voltage source reactive injection. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. Starting value for steady state solutions.

Negative sequence Thevenin resistance.

Phase angle of a-phase open circuit used when voltage characteristics need to be imposed at the node associated with the terminal of the energy source, such as when voltages and angles from the transmission level are used as input to the distribution network. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

Phase-to-phase open circuit voltage magnitude used when voltage characteristics need to be imposed at the node associated with the terminal of the energy source, such as when voltages and angles from the transmission level are used as input to the distribution network. The attribute shall be a positive value or zero.

Positive sequence Thevenin reactance.

Zero sequence Thevenin reactance.

Negative sequence Thevenin reactance.

The aggregate flag provides an alternative way of representing an aggregated (equivalent) element. It is applicable in cases when the dedicated classes for equivalent equipment do not have all of the attributes necessary to represent the required level of detail. In case the flag is set to “true” the single instance of equipment represents multiple pieces of equipment that have been modelled together as an aggregate equivalent obtained by a network reduction procedure. Examples would be power transformers or synchronous machines operating in parallel modelled as a single aggregate power transformer or aggregate synchronous machine. The attribute is not used for EquivalentBranch, EquivalentShunt and EquivalentInjection.

Container of this equipment.

Specifies the availability of the equipment. True means the equipment is available for topology processing, which determines if the equipment is energized or not. False means that the equipment is treated by network applications as if it is not in the model.

Specifies the availability of the equipment under normal operating conditions. True means the equipment is available for topology processing, which determines if the equipment is energized or not. False means that the equipment is treated by network applications as if it is not in the model.

The operational limit sets associated with this equipment.

Contained equipment.

Negative sequence series resistance from terminal sequence 1 to terminal sequence 2. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Negative sequence series resistance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Negative sequence series reactance from terminal sequence 1 to terminal sequence 2. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Negative sequence series reactance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage: EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Positive sequence series resistance from terminal sequence 1 to terminal sequence 2 . Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Positive sequence series resistance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Positive sequence series reactance from terminal sequence 1 to terminal sequence 2. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Positive sequence series reactance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Positive sequence series resistance of the reduced branch.

Resistance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1 .Used for steady state power flow. This attribute is optional and represent unbalanced network such as off-nominal phase shifter. If only EquivalentBranch.r is given, then EquivalentBranch.r21 is assumed equal to EquivalentBranch.r. Usage rule : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Positive sequence series reactance of the reduced branch.

Reactance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for steady state power flow. This attribute is optional and represents an unbalanced network such as off-nominal phase shifter. If only EquivalentBranch.x is given, then EquivalentBranch.x21 is assumed equal to EquivalentBranch.x. Usage rule: EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Zero sequence series resistance from terminal sequence 1 to terminal sequence 2. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Zero sequence series resistance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Zero sequence series reactance from terminal sequence 1 to terminal sequence 2. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Zero sequence series reactance from terminal sequence 2 to terminal sequence 1. Used for short circuit data exchange according to IEC 60909. Usage : EquivalentBranch is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

The equivalent where the reduced model belongs.

Maximum active power of the injection.

Maximum reactive power of the injection. Used for modelling of infeed for load flow exchange. Not used for short circuit modelling. If maxQ and minQ are not used ReactiveCapabilityCurve can be used.

Minimum active power of the injection.

Minimum reactive power of the injection. Used for modelling of infeed for load flow exchange. Not used for short circuit modelling. If maxQ and minQ are not used ReactiveCapabilityCurve can be used.

Equivalent active power injection. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. Starting value for steady state solutions.

Equivalent reactive power injection. Load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a node. Starting value for steady state solutions.

Positive sequence resistance. Used to represent Extended-Ward (IEC 60909). Usage : Extended-Ward is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Zero sequence resistance. Used to represent Extended-Ward (IEC 60909). Usage : Extended-Ward is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Negative sequence resistance. Used to represent Extended-Ward (IEC 60909). Usage : Extended-Ward is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

The reactive capability curve used by this equivalent injection.

Specifies whether or not the EquivalentInjection has the capability to regulate the local voltage. If true the EquivalentInjection can regulate. If false the EquivalentInjection cannot regulate. ReactiveCapabilityCurve can only be associated with EquivalentInjection if the flag is true.

Specifies the regulation status of the EquivalentInjection. True is regulating. False is not regulating.

The target voltage for voltage regulation. The attribute shall be a positive value.

Positive sequence reactance. Used to represent Extended-Ward (IEC 60909). Usage : Extended-Ward is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Zero sequence reactance. Used to represent Extended-Ward (IEC 60909). Usage : Extended-Ward is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

Negative sequence reactance. Used to represent Extended-Ward (IEC 60909). Usage : Extended-Ward is a result of network reduction prior to the data exchange.

The associated reduced equivalents.

Positive sequence shunt susceptance.

Positive sequence shunt conductance.

Indicates if both HV gate and LV gate are active (<i>HVLVgates</i>). true = gates are used false = gates are not used. Typical value = true.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 400.

Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (<i>Kc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,2.

Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (<i>Kd</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,38.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer gains (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,03.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (<i>Kf1</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (<i>Kf2</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,03.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,02.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>T</i><i>_c</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,8.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>V</i><i>_amax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 14,5.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>V</i><i>_amin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -14,5.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve1</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 4,18.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve2</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 3,14.

Maximum voltage regulator outputs (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 6,03.

Minimum voltage regulator outputs (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -5,43.

Indicates if HV gate is active (<i>HVgate</i>). true = gate is used false = gate is not used. Typical value = true.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 400.

Second stage regulator gain (<i>Kb</i>) (&gt; 0). Exciter field current controller gain. Typical value = 25.

Second stage regulator gain (<i>Kb1</i>). It is exciter field current controller gain used as alternative to <i>Kb</i> to represent a variant of the ExcAC2A model. Typical value = 25.

Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (<i>Kc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,28.

Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (<i>Kd</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,35.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer gains (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,03.

Exciter field current feedback gain (<i>Kh</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Exciter field current limiter gain (<i>Kl</i>). Typical value = 10.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (<i>Kl1</i>). Typical value = 1.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Indicates if LV gate is active (<i>LVgate</i>). true = gate is used false = gate is not used. Typical value = true.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,037.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,012.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,02.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,6.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vamax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 8.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vamin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -8.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 4,4.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 3,3.

Exciter field current limit reference (<i>Vfemax</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 4,4.

Maximum exciter field current (<i>Vlr</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 4,4.

Maximum voltage regulator outputs (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 105.

Minimum voltage regulator outputs (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -95.

Value of <i>Efd </i>at which feedback gain changes (<i>Efdn</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 2,36.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 45,62.

Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (<i>Kc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,104.

Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (<i>Kd</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,499.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer gains (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,143.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (<i>Kf1</i>). Typical value = 1.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (<i>Kf2</i>). Typical value = 0.

Gain used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop (<i>Klv</i>). Typical value = 0,194.

Excitation control system stabilizer gain (<i>Kn</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value =0,05.

Constant associated with regulator and alternator field power supply (<i>Kr</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value =3,77.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,143.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,013.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1,17.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vamax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vamin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -0,95.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 6.24.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 4,68.

Minimum exciter voltage output (<i>Vemin</i>) (&lt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter field current limit reference (<i>Vfemax</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 16.

Field voltage used in the minimum field voltage limiter loop (<i>Vlv</i>). Typical value = 0,79.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 200.

Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (<i>Kc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,015.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 10.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Maximum voltage regulator input limit (<i>Vimax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 10.

Minimum voltage regulator input limit (<i>Vimin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -10.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 5,64.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -4,53.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model (<i>a</i>). Typical value = 1.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd1</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 5,6.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd2</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 4,2.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 400.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer gains (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,03.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₁</i> (<i>Se[Efd</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,86.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₂</i> (<i>Se[Efd</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,5.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,02.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,8.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf1</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf2</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,8.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf3</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 7,3.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value =-7,3.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 536.

Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (<i>Kc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,173.

Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (<i>Kd</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,91.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1,6.

Exciter field current limiter gain (<i>Kh</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 92.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,214.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,044.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,086.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 9.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 3.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Exciter field current limiter time constant (<i>Th</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,08.

Exciter field current limiter time constant (<i>Tj</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,02.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tk</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,18.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vamax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 75.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vamin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -75.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 7,4.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 5,55.

Exciter field current limit reference (<i>Vfelim</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 19.

Maximum field current limiter signal reference (<i>Vhmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 75.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 44.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = -36.

Input limiter indicator. true = input limiter <i>Vimax</i> and <i>Vimin</i> is considered false = input limiter <i>Vimax </i>and <i>Vimin</i> is not considered. Typical value = true.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance (<i>Kc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,55.

Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances (<i>Kd</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,1.

Voltage regulator derivative gain (<i>Kdr</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 10.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Voltage regulator integral gain (<i>Kir</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 5.

Voltage regulator proportional gain (<i>Kpr</i>) (&gt; 0 if ExcAC8B.kir = 0). Typical value = 80.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

PID limiter indicator. true = input limiter <i>Vpidmax</i> and <i>Vpidmin</i> is considered false = input limiter <i>Vpidmax</i> and <i>Vpidmin</i> is not considered. Typical value = true.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,3.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 3.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Lag time constant (<i>Tdr</i>) (&gt; 0 if ExcAC8B.kdr &gt; 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1,2.

Selector for the limiter on the block (<i>1/sTe</i>). See diagram for meaning of true and false. Typical value = false.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 6,5.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 9.

Minimum exciter voltage output (<i>Vemin</i>) (&lt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter field current limit reference (<i>Vfemax</i>). Typical value = 6.

Input signal maximum (<i>Vimax</i>) (&gt; ExcAC8B.vimin). Typical value = 35.

Input signal minimum (<i>Vimin</i>) (&lt; ExcAC8B.vimax). Typical value = -10.

PID maximum controller output (<i>Vpidmax</i>) (&gt; ExcAC8B.vpidmin). Typical value = 35.

PID minimum controller output (<i>Vpidmin</i>) (&lt; ExcAC8B.vpidmax). Typical value = -10.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 35.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0). Typical value = 0.

Multiply by generator's terminal voltage indicator. true =the limits <i>Vrmax</i> and <i>Vrmin</i> are multiplied by the generator’s terminal voltage to represent a thyristor power stage fed from the generator terminals false = limits are not multiplied by generator's terminal voltage. Typical value = false.

Governor control flag (<i>BLINT</i>). 0 = lead-lag regulator 1 = proportional integral regulator. Typical value = 0.

Minimum exciter current (<i>I</i><i>_FMN</i>). Typical value = -5,2.

Maximum exciter current (<i>I</i><i>_FMX</i>). Typical value = 6,5.

Exciter gain (<i>K</i><i>₂</i>). Typical value = 20.

AVR gain (<i>K</i><i>₃</i>). Typical value = 1000.

Ceiling factor (<i>K</i><i>_CE</i>). Typical value = 1.

Feedback enabling (<i>K</i><i>_RVECC</i>). 0 = open loop control 1 = closed loop control. Typical value = 1.

Rate feedback signal flag (<i>K</i><i>_VFIF</i>). 0 = output voltage of the exciter 1 = exciter field current. Typical value = 0.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 20.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,05.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>₃</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,6.

Exciter time constant (<i>T</i><i>_B</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,04.

Minimum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMN</i>). Typical value = -5,2.

Maximum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMX</i>). Typical value = 6,5.

Field voltage value 1 (<i>E</i><i>₁</i>). Typical value = 4.18.

Field voltage value 2 (<i>E</i><i>₂</i>). Typical value = 3,14.

AVR gain (<i>K</i><i>_A</i>). Typical value = 500.

Rate feedback gain (<i>K</i><i>_F</i>). Typical value = 0,12.

Saturation factor at <i>E</i><i>₁</i> (<i>S[E</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>). Typical value = 0,1.

Saturation factor at <i>E</i><i>₂</i> (<i>S[E</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>). Typical value = 0,03.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>_A</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,2.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>_B</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant (<i>T</i><i>_E</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Rate feedback time constant (<i>T</i><i>_F</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Minimum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMN</i>). Typical value = -6.

Maximum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMX</i>). Typical value = 7.

Field voltage value 1 (<i>E</i><i>₁</i>). Typical value = 4,18.

Field voltage value 2 (<i>E</i><i>₂</i>). Typical value = 3,14.

AVR gain (<i>K</i><i>_A</i>). Typical value = 500.

Rate feedback gain (<i>K</i><i>_F</i>). Typical value = 0,12.

Saturation factor at <i>E</i><i>₁</i> (<i>S[E</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>). Typical value = 0.1.

Saturation factor at <i>E</i><i>₂</i> (<i>S[E</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>). Typical value = 0,03.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>_A</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,02.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>_B</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant (<i>T</i><i>_E</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Rate feedback time constant (<i>T</i><i>_F1</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Rate feedback time constant (<i>T</i><i>_F2</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Minimum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMN</i>). Typical value = -6.

Maximum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMX</i>). Typical value = 7.

Field voltage value 1 (<i>E</i><i>₁</i>). Typical value = 4,18.

Field voltage value 2 (<i>E</i><i>₂</i>). Typical value = 3,14.

AVR gain (<i>K</i><i>_A</i>). Typical value = 100.

Saturation factor at <i>E</i><i>₁</i><i> </i>(<i>S[E</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>). Typical value = 0,1.

Saturation factor at <i>E</i><i>₂</i><i> </i>(<i>S[E</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>). Typical value = 0,03.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 20.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,6.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₃</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,66.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₄</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,07.

Exciter time constant (<i>T</i><i>_E</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Minimum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMN</i>). Typical value = -7,5.

Maximum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMX</i>). Typical value = 7,5.

AVR output voltage dependency selector (<i>I</i><i>_MUL</i>). true = selector is connected false = selector is not connected. Typical value = true.

AVR gain (<i>K</i><i>_A</i>). Typical value = 300.

Exciter gain (<i>K</i><i>_E</i><i>)</i>. Typical value = 1.

Exciter internal reactance (<i>K</i><i>_IF</i>). Typical value = 0.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 4,8.

Exciter current feedback time constant (<i>T</i><i>_1IF</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 60.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1,5.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₃</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

AVR time constant (<i>T</i><i>₄</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter current feedback time constant (<i>T</i><i>_IF</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Minimum exciter output (<i>V</i><i>_FMN</i>). Typical value = 0.

Maximum exciter output (<i>V</i><i>_FMX</i>). Typical value = 5.

Minimum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMN</i>). Typical value = 0.

Maximum AVR output (<i>V</i><i>_RMX</i>). Typical value = 5.

Gain (<i>Ka</i>).

Effective output resistance (<i>Rex</i>). <i>Rex</i> represents the effective output resistance seen by the excitation system.

Time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Lead coefficient (<i>A</i><i>₁</i>). Typical value = 0,5.

Lag coefficient (<i>A</i><i>₂</i>). Typical value = 0,5.

Lead coefficient (<i>A</i><i>₃</i>). Typical value = 0,5.

Lag coefficient (<i>A</i><i>₄</i>). Typical value = 0,5.

Lead coefficient (<i>A</i><i>₅</i>). Typical value = 0,5.

Lag coefficient (<i>A</i><i>₆</i>). Typical value = 0,5.

Gain (<i>K</i><i>₁</i>). Typical value = 1.

Gain (<i>K</i><i>₃</i>). Typical value = 3.

Gain (<i>K</i><i>₅</i>). Typical value = 1.

Lead time constant (<i>T</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,05.

Lag time constant (<i>T</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Lead time constant (<i>T</i><i>₃</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Lag time constant (<i>T</i><i>₄</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Lead time constant (<i>T</i><i>₅</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Lag time constant (<i>T</i><i>₆</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Lead-lag maximum limit (<i>Vmax1</i>) (&gt; ExcAVR7.vmin1). Typical value = 5.

Lead-lag maximum limit (<i>Vmax3</i>) (&gt; ExcAVR7.vmin3). Typical value = 5.

Lead-lag maximum limit (<i>Vmax5</i>) (&gt; ExcAVR7.vmin5). Typical value = 5.

Lead-lag minimum limit (<i>Vmin1</i>) (&lt; ExcAVR7.vmax1). Typical value = -5.

Lead-lag minimum limit (<i>Vmin3</i>) (&lt; ExcAVR7.vmax3). Typical value = -5.

Lead-lag minimum limit (<i>Vmin5</i>) (&lt; ExcAVR7.vmax5). Typical value = -2.

Maximum open circuit exciter voltage (<i>Efdmax</i>) (&gt; ExcBBC.efdmin). Typical value = 5.

Minimum open circuit exciter voltage (<i>Efdmin</i>) (&lt; ExcBBC.efdmax). Typical value = -5.

Steady state gain (<i>K</i>) (not = 0). Typical value = 300.

Supplementary signal routing selector (<i>switch</i>). true = <i>Vs</i> connected to 3rd summing point false = <i>Vs</i> connected to 1st summing point (see diagram). Typical value = false.

Controller time constant (<i>T1</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 6.

Controller time constant (<i>T2</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Lead/lag time constant (<i>T3</i>) (&gt;= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,05.

Lead/lag time constant (<i>T4</i>) (&gt;= 0). If = 0, block is bypassed. Typical value = 0,01.

Maximum control element output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; ExcBBC.vrmin). Typical value = 5.

Minimum control element output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; ExcBBC.vrmax). Typical value = -5.

Effective excitation transformer reactance (<i>Xe</i>) (&gt;= 0). <i>Xe</i> models the regulation of the transformer/rectifier unit. Typical value = 0,05.

Exciter output maximum limit (<i>Efdmax</i>) (&gt; ExcCZ.efdmin).

Exciter output minimum limit (<i>Efdmin</i>) (&lt; ExcCZ.efdmax).

Regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>).

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>).

Regulator proportional gain (<i>Kp</i>).

Regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Regulator integral time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt;= 0).

Voltage regulator maximum limit (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; ExcCZ.vrmin).

Voltage regulator minimum limit (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; ExcCZ.vrmax).

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 3,1.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 2,3.

Maximum voltage exciter output limiter (<i>Efdmax</i>) (&gt; ExcDC1A.efdmin). Typical value = 99.

Minimum voltage exciter output limiter (<i>Efdmin</i>) (&lt; ExcDC1A.edfmax). Typical value = -99.

(<i>exclim</i>). IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output. true = a lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = a lower limit of zero is not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 46.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 0.

Excitation control system stabilizer gain (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₁</i> (<i>Se[Eefd</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,33.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₂</i> (<i>Se[Eefd</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,06.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,46.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; ExcDC1A.vrmin). Typical value = 1.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0 and &lt; ExcDC1A.vrmax). Typical value = -0,9.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 3,05.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 2,29.

(<i>exclim</i>). IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output. true = a lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = a lower limit of zero is not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 300.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). If <i>Ke</i> is entered as zero, the model calculates an effective value of <i>Ke</i> such that the initial condition value of <i>Vr</i> is zero. The zero value of <i>Ke</i> is not changed. If <i>Ke</i> is entered as non-zero, its value is used directly, without change. Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer gain (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₁</i> (<i>Se[Efd</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,279.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₂</i> (<i>Se[Efd</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,117.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,01.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tb</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Tc</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1,33.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,675.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf1</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; ExcDC2A.vrmin). Typical value = 4,95.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0 and &lt; ExcDC2A.vrmax). Typical value = -4,9.

(<i>Vtlim</i>). true = limiter at the block (<i>Ka / [1 + sTa]</i>) is dependent on <i>Vt </i> false = limiter at the block is not dependent on <i>Vt</i>. Typical value = true.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 2,6.

Exciter voltage at which exciter saturation is defined (<i>Efd</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 3,45.

(<i>Efdlim</i>). true = exciter output limiter is active false = exciter output limiter not active. Typical value = true.

Maximum voltage exciter output limiter (<i>Efdmax</i>) (&gt; ExcDC3A.efdmin). Typical value = 99.

Minimum voltage exciter output limiter (<i>Efdmin</i>) (&lt; ExcDC3A.efdmax). Typical value = -99.

(<i>exclim</i>). IEEE standard is ambiguous about lower limit on exciter output. true = a lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = a lower limit of zero not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Deadband (<i>Kr</i>). Typical value = 0.

Coefficient to allow different usage of the model-speed coefficient (<i>Ks</i>). Typical value = 0.

Fast raise/lower contact setting (<i>Kv</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,05.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₁</i> (<i>Se[Efd</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Efd</i><i>₂</i> (<i>Se[Efd</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,35.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1,83.

Rheostat travel time (<i>Trh</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 20.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 5.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

(<i>exclim</i>). true = lower limit of zero is applied to integrator output false = lower limit of zero not applied to integrator output. Typical value = true.

Voltage regulator gain (<i>Ka</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 300.

Exciter constant related to self-excited field (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 1.

Excitation control system stabilizer gain (<i>Kf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,1.

Potential circuit gain coefficient (<i>Ki</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 4,83.

Potential circuit gain coefficient (<i>Kp</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 4,37.

Voltage regulator time constant (<i>Ta</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0,01.

Exciter time constant, integration rate associated with exciter control (<i>Te</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 1,83.

Excitation control system stabilizer time constant (<i>Tf</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,675.

Available exciter voltage limiter (<i>Vb1max</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 11,63.

Vb limiter indicator. true = exciter <i>Vbmax</i> limiter is active false = <i>Vb1max</i> is active. Typical value = true.

Available exciter voltage limiter (<i>Vbmax</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 11,63.

Maximum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmax</i>) (&gt; ExcDC3A1.vrmin). Typical value = 5.

Minimum voltage regulator output (<i>Vrmin</i>) (&lt; 0 and &lt; ExcDC3A1.vrmax). Typical value = 0.

Controller follow up deadband (<i>Dpnf</i>). Typical value = 0.

Maximum open circuit excitation voltage (<i>Efmax</i>) (&gt; ExcELIN1.efmin). Typical value = 5.

Minimum open circuit excitation voltage (<i>Efmin</i>) (&lt; ExcELIN1.efmax). Typical value = -5.

Stabilizer gain 1 (<i>Ks1</i>). Typical value = 0.

Stabilizer gain 2 (<i>Ks2</i>). Typical value = 0.

Stabilizer limit output (<i>smax</i>). Typical value = 0,1.

Current transducer time constant (<i>Tfi</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Controller reset time constant (<i>Tnu</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 2.

Stabilizer phase lag time constant (<i>Ts1</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Stabilizer filter time constant (<i>Ts2</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Stabilizer parameters (<i>Tsw</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 3.

Current controller gain (<i>Vpi</i>). Typical value = 12,45.

Controller follow up gain (<i>Vpnf</i>). Typical value = 2.

Voltage controller proportional gain (<i>Vpu</i>). Typical value = 34,5.

Excitation transformer effective reactance (<i>Xe</i>) (&gt;= 0). <i>Xe</i> represents the regulation of the transformer/rectifier unit. Typical value = 0,06.

Gain (<i>Efdbas</i>). Typical value = 0,1.

Limiter (<i>I</i><i>_efmax</i>) (&gt; ExcELIN2.iefmin). Typical value = 1.

Minimum open circuit excitation voltage (<i>I</i><i>_efmax2</i>). Typical value = -5.

Limiter (<i>I</i><i>_efmin</i>) (&lt; ExcELIN2.iefmax). Typical value = 1.

Voltage regulator input gain (<i>K1</i>). Typical value = 0.

Voltage regulator input limit (<i>K1ec</i>). Typical value = 2.

Gain (<i>K2</i>). Typical value = 5.

Gain (<i>K3</i>). Typical value = 0,1.

Gain (<i>K4</i>). Typical value = 0.

Voltage controller derivative gain (<i>Kd1</i>). Typical value = 34,5.

Gain (<i>Ke2</i>). Typical value = 0,1.

Gain (<i>Ketb</i>). Typical value = 0,06.

Controller follow up gain (<i>PID1max</i>). Typical value = 2.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₁</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Exciter saturation function value at the corresponding exciter voltage, <i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>, back of commutating reactance (<i>Se[Ve</i><i>₂</i><i>]</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Voltage controller derivative washout time constant (<i>Tb1</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 12,45.

Time constant (<i>Te</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Time Constant (<i>T</i><i>_e2</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Controller follow up deadband (<i>Ti1</i>). Typical value = 0.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>_i3</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 3.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>_i4</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0.

Time constant (<i>T</i><i>_r4</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 1.

Limiter (<i>Upmax</i>) (&gt; ExcELIN2.upmin). Typical value = 3.

Limiter (<i>Upmin</i>) (&lt; ExcELIN2.upmax). Typical value = 0.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₁</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 3.

Exciter alternator output voltages back of commutating reactance at which saturation is defined (<i>Ve</i><i>₂</i>) (&gt; 0). Typical value = 0.

Excitation transformer effective reactance (<i>Xp</i>). Typical value = 1.

Major loop PI tag gain factor (<i>Ae</i>). Typical value = 3.

Minor loop PI tag gain factor (<i>Ai</i>). Typical value = 22.

AVR constant (<i>Atr</i>). Typical value = 2,19.

Field voltage control signal upper limit on AVR base (<i>Emax</i>) (&gt; ExcHU.emin). Typical value = 0,996.

Field voltage control signal lower limit on AVR base (<i>Emin</i>) (&lt; ExcHU.emax). Typical value = -0,866.

Major loop PI tag output signal upper limit (<i>Imax</i>) (&gt; ExcHU.imin). Typical value = 2,19.

Major loop PI tag output signal lower limit (<i>Imin</i>) (&lt; ExcHU.imax). Typical value = 0,1.

Voltage base conversion constant (<i>Ke</i>). Typical value = 4,666.

Current base conversion constant (<i>Ki</i>). Typical value = 0,21428.

Major loop PI tag integration time constant (<i>Te</i>) (&gt;= 0). Typical value = 0,154.